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Upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is described as blood loss from a gastrointestinal source above the ligament of Treitz. Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur from any part of the gut and remains a signi...

Published: Nov 2 2023

Bipolar disorder

characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different times. This disorder, earlier known as manic depressive psychosis (MDP). Bipolar disorder is a major publi...

Published: Oct 23 2023

Hydrops fetalis

Hydrops fetalis (HF) is a term for the abnormal accumulation of fluid in at least two different fetal compartments. The condition is often characterized by subcutaneous edema, effusions in two or more...

Published: Oct 23 2023

Malunion fracture

When a broken bone heals in an abnormal position, it is called malunion. There are different abnormal positions in which a bone can heal. For example, the bone may be crooked, rotated, or shorter than...

Published: Oct 23 2023

Clavicle bone fracture

The clavicle is an elongated, S-shaped bone that rests horizontally at the sternum across the upper part of the ribcage, and the acromial end of the scapula. This bone is an important part of the skel...

Published: Oct 23 2023

lithium (Li) chemical element of Group 1 (Ia) in the periodic table, the alkali metal group, lightest of the solid elements. The metal itself which is soft, white, and lustrous—and several of its al...

Published: Oct 21 2023

Scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine and trunk which includes lateral deviation, rotation, and a disturbance of the sagittal profile. Any part of the thoraco-lumbar spine may be af...

Published: Oct 21 2023

The term kyphosis is used to describe the spinal curve that results in an abnormally rounded back. Kyphosis can occur at any age. Although kyphosis is idiopathic, there is evidence to suggest that S...

Published: Oct 21 2023

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a condition in which a bone (vertebra) in the spine moves forward out of the proper position onto the bone below it. Normally, forward displacement of a vertebral body is prevent...

Published: Oct 21 2023

Valproate and lithium have been widely used as first line drugs for treatment of mania as well as for prophylaxis of bipolar mood disorder. Although its mechanism of action is not clearly understoo...

Published: Oct 21 2023

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